Boldu

This genus consists of a single species of evergreen shrub or small tree, which is found only in Chile. It belongs to the family Monimiaceae, which has an unusually high number of single-species genera, most of which yeild aromatic oils. Peumus boldus is economically important in Chile, yielding hardwood, tannins, and dye from the bark, edible fruits, and medicinal compounds. It is seldom seen in cultivation. The foliage has a lemon-camphor aroma. Peumus boldos was first investigated by a frech physician in 1869. It contains a volatile oil that destroys internal parasites, and alkaloids that stimulate the liver. Alkaloids extracted from the bark are more effective than leaf-based preparations.

Native to Chile, boldo has long been used in South America as a liver tonic, treatment for gallstones, and a cure for gonorrhea. Its major alkaloid, boldine, is thought to be responsible for its bile-stimulating and diuretic actions.

Shrubby tree with smooth brown bark and ovate, leathery, aromatic leaves, to 7cm (3in) long. Pale yellow-green, scented flowers, to 1cm (3/8in) across, appear in clusters in autumn, male and female flowers on separate plants; females bear edible pale yellow fruits, to 7mm (¼in) long.


Common Name:
Boldu
Other Names:
Boldo, Boldus
Botanical Name:
Peumus boldus
Genus:
Peumus
Family:
Monimiaceae
Native Location:
Chile
Cultivation:
Well-drained, sandy, acid soil in sun.
Propagation:
By seed sown in spring; by semi-ripe cuttings in summer.
Harvest:
Leaves are picked during the growing season and dried for infusions, liquid extracts, and tinctures. Alkaloids are extracted commercially from the bark.
Height:
7m (22ft)
Width:
5m (15ft)
Hardiness:
Z9
Parts Used:
Leaves, Bark
Properties:
A bitter, aromatic herb that improves the liver and gall bladder function, and expels worms. It is diuretic and a mild urinary antiseptic.
Medicinal Uses:
Internally for liver disease, gallstones, urinary tract infections, intestinal parasites, and rheumatism. Formerly given as a substitute for quinine. Often added to weight-reduction formulas. Combines well with Berberis vulgaris (See, Barberry) and Chionanthus virginicanus (See, Fringe Tree) for liver and gall bladder complaints.
To treat gallstones, liver disease, gonorrhea; as a diuretic and sedative.
Typical Dose:
A typical daily dose of boldo is approximately 60 to 200mg of dried leaves, taken as a tea.
Possible Side Effects:
Boldo's side effects include skin irritation and convulsions.
Drug Interactions:
Taking boldo with these drugs may increase the risk of bleeding or bruising:
Abciximab, (ReoPro)
Antithrombin III, (Thrombate III)
Argatroban, (Argatroban)
Aspirin, (Bufferin, Ecotrin)
Aspirin and Dipyridamole, (Aggrenox)
Bivalrudin, (Angiomax)
Clopidogrel, (Plavix)
Dalteparin, (Fragmin)
Danaparoid, (Orgaran)
Dipyridamole, (Novo-Dipiridol, Persantine)
Enoxaparin, (Lovenox)
Eptifibatide, (Integrillin)
Fondaparinux, (Arixtra)
Heparin, (Hepalean, Hep-Lock)
Indobufen, (Ibustrin)
Lepirudin, (Refludan)
Ticlopidine, (Alti-Ticlopidine, Ticlid)
Tinzaparin, (Innohep)
Tirofiban, (Aggrastat)
Warfarin, (Coumadin, Jantoven)
Disease Effects:
Boldo may worsen cases of gallstones, liver or kidney disease, and bile duct obstruction.
Culinary Uses:
Aromatic leaves and bark are used locally for flavoring.
Warning:
Contraindicated during pregnancy.
This herb is subject to legal restrictions in some countries.
Bibliography:
The Encyclopedia of Herbs by Deni Brown Copyright ©1995, 2001 Dorling Kindersley Limited. pp 310-311
The Essential Herb-Drug-Vitamin Interaction Guide by Geo. T. Grossberg,MD and Barry Fox,PhD Copyright©2007 Barry Fox,PhD. Pp. 92-93