Galbanum

This genus consists of 172 species of robust perennials, found from the Mediterranean to C Asia. Although known as giant fennels, because of their similarity in appearance to Foeniculum species (see, Fennel), many have an unpleasant smell. Ferula assa-foetida is probably the most foul-smelling of all herbs, with a sulphurous odor that surprisingly, in judicious quantities, gives a pleasant flavor to foods. Airtight storage is necessary to avoid contamination of surroundings. Both F. assa-foetida and F. gummosa have long been important for their gum resin; the former was subject to a tax in Alexandria during the second century CE, and the latter was mentioned as an ingredient in Moses' incense. Ferula assa-foetida is also a very effective medicinal herb, much used in Ayurvedic tradition. A similar gum resin is also collected from related species, such as F. rubicaulis. The pleasant-smelling musk root (F. sumbul) is used like F. gummosa in incense, and to treat hysteria. Ferula communis, which is widely grown as an ornamental, also yields a gum resin, used in N Africa to treat joint pains, skin diseases, and rheumatism.

Perennial with solid stems and divided, gray-green, hairy leaves, to 30cm (1ft) long, which smell like celery. Tiny yellow flowers are borne in umbels in spring, followed by thin, flat seeds.


Common Name:
Galbanum
Botanical Name:
Ferula gummosa syn. F. galbaniflua
Genus:
Ferula
Family:
Apiaceae
Native Location:
C Iran, Turkey, S Russia
Cultivation:
Rich, well-drained soil in sun
Propagation:
By seed sown in deep containers when ripe.
Harvest:
Ferula assa-foetida is cut down as it begins to flower, and the gum resin is scraped from the top of the root. Slices are removed and scraped until the root is exhausted. Stems and roots of F. gummosa are incised to collect gum resin during the growing season. Resins are formed into lumps, which are processed into paste, pills, powders, or tinctures.
Height:
1m (3ft)
Width:
1m (3ft)
Hardiness:
Z6-9
Parts Used:
Gum Resin
Properties:
A bitter, stimulant, antiseptic herb that is expectorant and anti-inflammatory, relieves indigestion, and reduces spasms.
Medicinal Uses:
Internally for bronchitis, asthma, and minor digestive complaints. Externally for ulcers, boils, wounds, abscesses, and skin disorders.
Economic Uses:
A perfume fixative and ingredient of incense.
Bibliography:
Encylopedia of Herbs by Deni Brown Copyright ©: 1995, 2001 Dorling Kindersley Limited pg 213