Indian Poke

A genus of about 25 species of perennials, shrubs, and trees, distributed in both warm and temperate regions of Africa, Asia, and the Americas. Phytolacca americana is one of several species cultivated for its imposing habit and ornamental but poisonous berries. Phytolaccas have an unusual chemistry, containing potent anti-inflammatory agents, anti-viral protiens, and substances (referred to collectively as "pokeweed mitogens") that affect cell division. These compounds are toxic to many disease-causing organisms, including water snails that cause schistosomiasis, and may have potential in the treatment of AIDS. Phytolacca acinosa was first recorded in the Han dynasty (206BCE-CE23). Occasionally the roots are mistakenly sold as ginseng in Oriental markets, causing outbreaks of poisoning. Phytolacca americana was used by native N Americans as an emetic and anti-rheumatic, and was listed as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory in the U. S. Pharmacopoeia (1820-1916). Although most parts of these plants are poisonous, the shoots and young leaves are eaten in various countries after boiling in several changes of water. The deep red juice from the berries has been used to color wine. Phytolacca comes from the Greek phyton, "plant", and the Hindi lakh, a dye extracted from the lac insects, the color of which resembles that found in the berries.

Robust perennial with succulent stems and lanceolate, pointed leaves, to 25cm (10in) long. Small green-white flowers appear in more or less erect racemes in summer, followed by stout spikes, 10-20cm (4-8in) long, of dark purple berries.

Common Name:	Indian Poke
Botanical Name:	Phytolacca acinosa
Genus:	Phytolacca
Family:	Phytolaccaceae
Native Location:	Kashmir to SW China
Cultivation:	Rich, moist, well-drained soil in sun or partial shade.
Propagation:	By seed sown at 13-18°C (55-64°F) in early spring.
Harvest:	Roots and fruits are collected in autumn and dried for decoctions, liquid extracts, powder, poultices, and tinctures.
Warning:	All parts, notably leaves and berries, are toxic if eaten. Sap is irritant to skin and eyes.
Height:	90cm-1.5m (3-5ft)
Width:	90cm-1.5m (3-5ft)
Hardiness:	Z8
Parts Used:	Roots (shang lu)
Properties:	A bitter, pungent, cooling herb that has diuretic and expectorant effects, and controls coughing. It is effective against various bacterial and fungal infections.
Medicinal Uses:	Internally for urinary disorders, nephritis, edema, and abdominal distension. Externally for boils, carbuncles, and sores.
Bibliography:	Encyclopedia of Herbs by Deni Brown Copyright © 1995, 2001 Dorling Kindersley Limited. Pg. 314