Marsh Penny

About 20 species of low-growing perennials are included in this genus, which occurs in most parts of the tropics. Best known is C. asiatica (gotu kola), which resembles the related European marsh pennywort (Hydrocotyle vulgaris) in appearance. It is a variable species, thriving mainly in wet places along the margins of ponds and lakes, and in paddy fields. Centella asiatica is one of the most important herbs in Ayurvedic medicine. In recent years it has become popular worldwide and is now among the top 25 best-selling herbs in the USA. Known as brahmi, "bringing knowledgeof Brahman [Supreme Reality]", it has long been used medicinally and to aid meditation in India. Traditionally used in both India and Africa for leprosy, hypertension, and cancer in Mauritius, and for fever and respiratory disease in China, it entered French pharmacopaiea via Madagascar. In China, "long-life tea" made from the leaves was taken regularly by Professor Li Chung Yon, who apparently reached the age of 265 and married 24 times. Recent research has shown that C. asiatica contains substances taht increase collagen production, speed healing and reduce scarring, improve circulation (in skin and lower limbs especially), and improve performance in those suffering from learning difficulties and mental confusion. In SE Asia several varieties of C. asiatica are recognized, including one with bright green, frilly leaves, preferred for salads.

Gotu Kola is a creeping plant that grows in hot, swampy areas of the world, such as India, Sri Lanka, and South Africa. It produces fan-shaped leaves that look something like old British penny, thus its common name, pennywort. Used for centuries by Ayurvedic healers, gotu kola contains triterpenes, which are believed to encourage the production of collagen in blood vessel walls, strengthen the veins, improve blood circulation in the legs, and accelerate the healing of burns and wounds.

Creeping evergreen perennial, rooting at nodes, with clusters of kidney-shaped leaves, up to 5cm (2in) across, with indented margins. Tiny, pink flower are borned beneath the foliage in summer.


Common Name:
Marsh Penny
Other Names:
Centella, Gotu Kola, Hydrocotyle, Indian Pennywort, Marsh Pennywort, Pegaga, Sheep Rot, Tiger Grass, White Rot
Botanical Name:
Centella asiatica syn. Hydrocotyle asiatica
Genus:
Centella
Family:
Apiaceae
Cultivation:
Moist to wet, rich, sandy soil in sun or light shade. In temperate regions, C. asiatica is easily grown n containers under cover. It may lose its leaves in low temperatures but quickly re-sprouts in spring.
Native Location:
Pantropical
Propagation:
By seed sown in spring; by separation of runners with at least one node during the growing season.
Harvest:
Whole plants or leaves are gathered at any time and used fresh or dried for infusions, milk decoctions, powder, medicated ghee, or medicated oil.
Height:
15-20cm (6-8in)
Width:
Indefinite
Hardiness:
Z7-10
History:
The vinelike gotu kola plant, a member of the parsley family (Umbelliferae), grows in marshy, subtropical lands worldwide, including the southern United States. But it is most famously used in East Indian Ayurvedic medicine as a longevity tonic and an aid to enlightenment during deep meditation. In traditional Hinduism, gotu kola is called brahmi, an homage to the herb's ability to bestow on the user a greater spiritual awareness of the creator god Brahma, who represents ultimate reality. Gotu kola's potent calming and sedating actions probably contribute more to "higher" states of meditation than any spiritual properties the herb may possess. On a more pragmatic level, in many tropical and subtropical countries gotu kola is the traditional treatment for Hansen's disease (leprosy), a therapeutic use investigated and endorsed by modern scientists. Despite the similarities in their common names, the gotu kola plant and the cola—or kola—plant (Cola nitida syn. C. vera) have very little in common medicinally: Gotu kola is a caffeine-free calming tonic; cola is a caffeine-loaded stimulating tonic.
Parts Used:
Whole plant, leaves, stem
Properties:
A rejuvenating, diuretic herb that clear toxins, reduces inflammation and fever, boosts healing and immunity, and has a balancing effect on the nervous system. It increases production of peripheral blood vessels and connective tissue, thus improving circulation and helping to retain or restore elasticity of the skin.
Medicinal Uses:
Internally for wounds, chronic skin conditions (including leprosy), venereal disease, malaria, varicose veins and ulcers, thread veins, night cramps, nervous disorders, mental retardation, and senility. Excess causes headaches and transient unconsciousness, or may interfere with hypoglycemic therapy. It may also increase serum-cholesterol levels. Gotu kola is contraindicated in pregnancy and epilepsy. Externally for wounds (especially after surgery or burns), ulcers, eczema, hemorrhoids, and rheumatic joints.
To treat depression, rheumatism, skin diseases, poor circulation, scabies, and poorly healing wounds.
Gotu kola has antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, calming, digestive, diuretic, immune-stimulating, laxative, sedating, tonic, and wound-healing properties. The herb also appears to promote blood circulation in the legs. Extracts of the whole plant are used as a general restorative tonic that promotes long life, optimal health, and mental and physical relaxation. The leaves of the plant contain high concentrations of the herb's most active and potent chemical ingredient, asiaticoside, which is a powerful antibacterial and immune stimulant. Extracts of the leaves inhibit scarring and are used to treat cuts, psoriasis, skin grafts, burns and wounds. Gotu kola is taken internally most frequently for anxiety, edema, hyperactivity, insomnia, mental agitation, poor blood circulation in the legs, and stress. It is applied externally, in compresses for burns, psoriasis, and skin injuries.
Preparation:
Self-treatment with gotu kola is not recommended.
Typical Dose:
A typical dose of gotu kola is approximately 0.3 to 0.6 gm of dried leaves.
Caution:
Use commercially prepared gotu kola products—usually available as capsules—under the supervision of a qualified practitioner and on a short-term basis only. Minor side effects may include headaches and skin rashes. Misuse or overuse of the herb can result in dangerous narcotic effects. Do not use gotu kola if you are pregnant, nursing, or taking prescription sedatives or tranquilizers.
Possible Side Effects:
When used internally, gotu kola's side effects include sensitivity of the skin to sunlight, and infertility. When used externally, gotu kola may cause skin irritation.
Drug Interactions:
Taking gotu kola with these drugs may cause excessive sedation and mental depression and impairment:
Alprazolam, (Apo-Alpraz, Xanax)
Aripiprazole, (Abilify)
Baclofen, (Lioresal, Nu-Baclo)
Bromazepam, (Apo-Bromazepam, Novo-Bromazepan)
Buprenorphine, (Buprenex, Subutex)
Buproprion, (Wellbutrin, Zyban)
Buspirone, (BuSpar, Nu-Buspirone)
Butabarbital, (Butisol Sodium)
Butorphanol, (Apo-Butorphanol, Stadol)
Carbamazepine, (Carbatrol, Tegretol)
Chloral Hydrate, (Aquachloral Supprettes, Somnote)
Chlordiazepoxide, (Apo-Chlordiazepoxide, Librium)
Chlorpromazine, (Thorazine)
Citalopram, (Celexa)
Clobazam, (Alti-Clobazam, Frisium)
Clonazepam, (Klonopin, Rivotril)
Codeine, (Codeine Contin)
Cyclobenzaprine, (Flexiril, Novo-Cycloprine)
Dantrolene, (Dantrium)
Diazepam, (Apo-Diazepam, Valium)
Diphenhydramine, (Benedryl Allergy, Nytol)
Doxylamine and Pyroxidine, (Dilectin)
Fentanyl, (Actiq, Duragesic)
Fluoxetine, (Prozac, Sarafem)
Fluphenazine, (Modecate, Prolixin)
Flurazepam, (Apo-Flurazepam, Dalmane)
Gabapentin, (Neurontin, Nu-Gabapentin)
Haloperidol, (Haldol, Novo-Peridol)
Hydromorphone, (Dilaudid, PMS-Hydromorphone)
Hydroxyzine, (Atarax, Vistaril)
Levorphanol, (Levo-Dromoran)
Lorazepam, (Ativan, Nu-Loraz)
Loxapine, (Loxitane, Nu-Loxapine)
Meperidine, (Demerol, Meperitab)
Meprobamate, (Miltown, Movo-Mepro)
Mesoridazine, (Serentil)
Methadone, (Dolophine, Methadose)
Methocarbamol, (Robaxin)
Methotrimeprazine, (Novo-Meprazine, Nozain)
Midazolam, (Apo-Midazolam, Versed)
Mirtazapine, (Remeron)
Molindone, (Moban)
Morphine Sulfate, (Kadian, MS Contin)
Nalbuphine, (Nubain)
Olanzapine, (Zydis, Zyprexa)
Oxazepam, (Novoxapam, Serax)
Oxcarbazepine, (Trileptal)
Oxycodone, (OxyContin, Roxicodone)
Oxymorphone, (Numorphan)
Paclitaxel, (Onxol, Taxol)
Perphenazine, (Apo-Perphenazine, Trilafon)
Phenobarbital, (Luminal Sodium, PMS-Phenobarbital)
Phenytoin, (Dilantin, Phenytek)
Pizotifen, (Sandomigran)
Prazepam, (Prazepam)
Primidone, (Apo-Primidone, Mysoline)
Prochlorperazine, (Compazine, Compro)
Promethazine, (Phenergan)
Quetiapine, (Seroquel)
Risperidone, (Risperdal)
Ropinirole, (Requip)
S-Citalopram, (Lexapro)
Sertraline, (Apo-Sertraline, Zoloft)
Sodium Oxybate, (Xyrem)
Temazepam, (Novo-Temazepam, Restoril)
Thiethylperazine, (Torecan)
Thioridazine, (Mellaril)
Thiothixene, (Navane)
Tiagabine, (Gabitril)
Tizanidine, (Zanaflex)
Tolcapone, (Tasmar)
Tramadol, (Ultram)
Triazolam, (Apo-Triazo, Halcion)
Trifluoperazine, (Novo-Trifluzine, Stelazine)
Vigabatrin, (Sabril)
Zaleplon, (Sonata, Starnoc)
Zolpidem, (Ambien)
Zopiclone, (Alti-Zopiclone, Gen-Zopiclone)
Zuclopenthixol, (Clopixol)
Taking gotu kola with these drugs may interfere with the action of the drug:
Acarbose, (Prandase, Precose)
Acetohexamide, (Acetohexamide)
Acipimox, (Acipimox, Olbetam)
Aspirin and Pravastatin, (Pravigard PAC)
Atorvastatin, (Lipitor)
Bezafibrate, (Bezalip, PMS-Bezafibrate)
Chlorpropamide, (Diabinese, Novo-Propamide)
Cholestyramine, (Prevalite, Questran)
Ciprofibrate, (Estaprol, Modalim)
Clofibrate, (Claripex, Novo-Fibrate)
Colesevelam, (WelChol)
Colestipol, (Colestid)
Fenofibrate, (Lofibra, TriCor)
Fluvastatin, (Lescol)
Gemfibrozil, (Apo-Gemfibrozil, Lopid)
Gliclazide, (Diamicron, Novo-Gliclazide)
Glimepiride, (Amaryl)
Glipizide, (Glucotrol)
Glipizide and Metformin, (Metaglip)
Gliquidone, (Beglynor, Glurenorm)
Glyburide, (DiaBeta, Micronase)
Glyburide and Metformin, (Glucovance)
Insulin, (Humulin, Novolin R)
Lovastatin, (Altocor, Mevacor)
Metformin, (Glucophage, Riomet)
Miglitol, (Glyset)
Nateglinide, (Starlix)
Niacin, (Niacor, Nicotinex)
Niacin and Lovastatin, (Advicor)
Pioglitazone, (Actos)
Pravastatin, (Novo-Pravastatin, Pravachol)
Probucol, (Probucol)
Repaglinide, (GlucoNorm, Prandin)
Rosiglitazone, (Avandia)
Rosiglitazone and Metformin, (Avandamet)
Rosuvastatin, (Crestor)
Simvastatin, (Apo-Simvastatin, Zocor)
Tolazamide, (Tolinase)
Tolbutamide, (Apo-Tolbutamide, Tol-Tab)
Disease Effects:
May increase blood sugar, cholesterol, or blood fat levels.
Supplement Interactions:
May enhance therapeutic and adverse effects of herbs and supplements that have sedative properties, such as 5-HTP, Kava Kava, St. John's Wort, and Valerian.
Culinary Uses:
Leaves are eaten raw in salads, added to soups and curries in SE Asia, and steamed as a vegetable. Dried herb and juice are used in herbal teas and tonic drinks.
Economic Uses:
Extracts are added to cosmetic masks and creams to increase collagen and firm the skin.
Warning:
May cause dermatitis or photosensitization in susceptible individuals. This herb is subject to legal restrictions in some countries.
Bibliography:
Encyclopedia of Herbs by Deni Brown Copyright © 1995, 2001 Dorling Kindersley Limited. pp 162-163
The Essential Herb-Drug-Vitamin Interaction Guide by Geo. T. Grossberg,MD and Barry Fox,PhD Copyright©2007 Barry Fox,PhD. Pp.255-257
The Modern Herbal Primer by Nancy Burke Copyright©2000 Yankee Publishing, Inc. pp. 69-70