Spikenard

A genus consisting of a single species of Asian perennial, found on rock ledges and undisturbed alpine slopes at 3000-5000m (1000-1600ft); it is closely related to Valeriana (See, Valerian). Nardostachys grandiflora is an attractive plant, rarely seen in cultivation today, but it was recommended for rock gardens in Victorian times. It is the spikenard of the Bible, mentioned in the Song of Solomon and the source of the substance to anoint the feet of Jesus at the Last Supper. The perfume extracted from the roots was a valuable commodity in the Roman Empire, worth 300 denarii per pound weight (0.66kg). (A denarius was a laborer's average daily wage.) It was used by the Moghul empress Nur Jahan to make rejuvenating cosmetics. The essential oil contains borneol acetate (similar to the main constituent of Drybalanops aromatica, See, Borneo Camphor) and patchouli alcohol, as found in Pogostemon cablin (See, Patchouli). As an herb, Nardostachys is regarded as similar but superior to Valeriana officinalis, (See, Valerian) in Ayurvedic medicine, harmonizing the constitution and strengthening the mind. Habitat degradation and over-collection to satisfy increased international trade in the 1990s resulted in drastic reduction of wild populations. As a consequence, trade in N. grandiflora is now strictly regulated, and the species is fully protected throughout its range. In addition, a program of measures has been introduced conserve and re-introduce the plant in its native habitats, and to encourage commercial cultivation and propagation.

Small perennial with very fragrant, deep roots, stout, aromatic rhizomes, clad in fibers from remains of previous leaf-stalks, and mostly basal, elliptic-lanceolate, 15-20cm (6-8in) long. Small, pale rose-purple to pink flowers appear in panicles in summer.

Common Name:	Spikenard
Other Names:	Nard, Jatamansi
Botanical Name:	Nardostachys grandiflora
Genus:	Nardostachys
Family:	Valerianaceae
Native Location:	Himalayas, from Himachal Pradesh to Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan, Tibet, and W China
Cultivation:	Well-drained, gritty, moisture-retentive soil in partial shade from midday sun. Needs a cool root run. Dislikes rich soil. May be grown as an alpine in a deep clay plot.
Propagation:	By seed sown when ripe; by division in spring; by cuttings of rhizomes in late winter. Requires light for germination.
Harvest:	Roots are dried for oil distillation or use in decoctions.
Height:	10-60cm (4-24in)
Width:	20-30cm (8-12in)
Hardiness:	Z7-9
Parts Used:	Roots, oil
Properties:	A bitter, astringent, aromatic herb that improves digestion, calms the nerves, relaxes spasms, and lowers blood pressure.
Medicinal Uses:	Internally for nervous indigestion, insomnia, depression, and tension headaches. Externally for rashes and as a deodorant.
Economic Uses:	Oil is used in perfumery
Bibliography:	Encyclopedia of Herbs by Deni Brown Copyright © 1995, 2001 Dorling Kindersley Limited Pg 286