Squaw Root

Two species of rhizomatous perennials belong to this genus; one in E Asia, and the other, C. thalichtroides, in rich, moist woods in eastern N America. The name comes from the Greek kaulon, "the stem", and phyllon, "leaf", referring to the way the stem of the plant forms a stalk for the solitary, compound leaf, which divides into three deeply lobed leaflets. The flowers of C. thalictroides arise from the base of the uppermost leaflet in spring. The common name "cohosh" is of Algonquin origin. Caulophyllum thalictroides is one of the most important herbs for women and was used by various native American tribes to facilitate childbirth, giving rise to names such as squaw root and papoose root. Its popularity led to inclusion in the U.S. Pharmacopoeia (1882-1905). The Asian species C. robustum, once considered a variety of C. thalictroides, may have similar properties, and is known to be fungicidal. It is used in Chinese folk medicine to heal injuries, including fractures, rheumatism, digestive problems, and menstrual disorders.

Slow-growing, rhizomatous perennial with a matted rootstock and glaucous, compound leaf. Yellow-green to purplish, star-shaped flowers, 1cm (3/8in) across, appear with new leaves, followed by deep blue berries.

Common Name:	Squaw Root
Other Names:	Blue Cohosh, papoose root
Botanical Name:	Caulophyllum thalictroides
Genus:	Caulophyllum
Family:	Berberidaceae
Native Location:	E Asia, N America
Cultivation:	Rich, moist, neutral to acid soil in dappled or deep shade.
Propagation:	By seed sown when ripe (slow to germinate); by division in autumn.
Harvest:	Rhizomes and roots are lifted in autumn and dried for decoctions, liquid extracts, powders, and tinctures.
Height:	30-75cm (12-30in)
Width:	Indefinite
Hardiness:	Z3-8
Parts Used:	Rhizomes, roots
Properties:	An acrid, bitter, warming herb that stimulates the uterus, reduces inflammation, relaxes spasms, expels intestinal worms, and has diuretic effects.
Medicinal Uses:	Internally for pelvic inflammatory disease, endometriosis, slow, erratic menstruation and parturition, and retained placenta. Taken in the last four weeks of pregnancy, and during labor, to facilitate contractions and cervical dilation. Also for rheumatism, arthritis, and gout. Not given to patients with hypertension and heart disease. For use by qualified practitioners only.
Bibliography:	Encyclopedia of herbs by Deni Brown Copyright © 1995, 2001 Dorling Kindersley Limited. pg 159