Feldspar




Feldspar, which is classified as a tectosilicate mineral group, is a major constituent in the Earth's crust, comprising around 60 percent of its make-up. It is formed in igneous rocks by the crystallization of magma, and is also found in both metamorphic and sedimentary rocks. There are almost 20 different types of feldspar, with these being divided into two main groups — the plagioclase feldspars and the K-feldspars or alkali feldspars. The plagioclase feldspars include Albite, (Sodium Aluminum Silicate), Oligoclase, (Sodium Calcium Aluminum Silicate), and Labradorite (Calcium Sodium Aluminum Silicate). The K-feldspars include Microcline (Potassium Aluminum Silicate), Sanidine (Potassium Sodium Aluminum Silicate), and Orthoclase (Potassium Aluminum Silicate).

Chemical Composition:
A tectosilicate mineral group; General formula:
XAlSi3O8 where X=Ca, K, or Na
Color:
Off white to pink or gray
Hardness:
~5.5 - 6.5
Specific Gravity:
2.5 - 2.7
Cleavage:
Good in two directions
Fracture:
Conchoidal or brittle
Crystal Structure:
Transluscent to opaque; monoclinic or triclinic depending on type
Luster:
Variable
Streak:
Variable
Occurence:
Worldwide