Wood Betony


Wood Betony

This genus of about 300 species of annuals and perennials occurs in a wide range of habitats in northern temperate regions. Various species are grown as ornamentals, including Stachys palustris, which is an attractive plant for bog gardens and the margins of ponds. Stachys officinalis (betony) naturalizes well in European wildflower meadows, and has several cultivars that make excellent border plants. In Anglo-Saxon times betony was an important medicinal and magical herb, and well known as a cure for headaches. According to Culpeper, "Antonius Musa, physician to the Emperor Augustus Caesar, wrote a peculiar book of the virtues of this herb; and among other virtues saith of it, that it preserves the liver and bodies of men from the danger of epidemical diseases, and from witchcraft also" (The English Physician Enlarged, 1653). A total of 47 different complaints were listed that betony would apparently cure. Both S. officinalis and S. palustris contains tannins and alkaloids; in addition, S palustris contains allantoin, as in Symphytum officinale (See, Comfrey). Stachys, "ear of corn" or "spike", refers to the arrangement of flowers on the stem.

Erect perennial with oblong, deeply veined, scallop-edged leaves, to 7cm (3in) long. Bright magenta (rarely pink or white) flowers are produced in oblong spikes in summer.


Common Name:
Wood Betony
Other Names:
Betony, Bishopswort, Hedge Nettles
Botanical Name:
Stachys officinale syn. S. betonica, Betonica officinale.
Genus:
Stachys
Family:
Lamiaceae
Native Location:
Europe
Cultivation:
Well-drained soil in sun or partial shade. Stachys palustris needs damp to wet soil, or water to 8cm (3in) deep.
Propagation:
By seed sown in autumn or spring; by division in spring.
Harvest:
Flowering plants are cut in summer and dried for infusions, liquid extracts, and tinctures.
Variations:
Alba
Has white flowers.
Rosea
Has pink flowers.
Rosea Superba
Is robust, with large spikes of pink flowers.
Height:
15-60cm (6-24in)
Width:
30-45cm (12-18in)
Hardiness:
Z4-8
Parts Used:
Whole plant, Flowering Herb, Leaf
Properties:
A bitter, astringent, sedative herb that improves digestion and cerebral circulation.
Medicinal Uses:
Internally for headaches associated with debility and nervous tension, and for anxiety, neuralgia, sinusitis, upper respiratory tract mucus, gastritis, poor digestion, hypertension, and menopausal problems. Externally for wounds (especially if infected), bruises, ulcers, sore throat, and gum inflammation. Combines well with Hypericum perforatum (See, Perforate St. John's Wort), Lavandula angustifolia (See, Lavender), Scutellaria laterifolia (See, Virginia Skullcap), or Verbena officinalis (See, Vervain) for tension headaches.
To treat asthma, bronchitis, anxiety, diarrhea, gout, and heartburn; as a sedative.
Typical Dose:
A typical daily dose of wood betony may range from 1 to 2 gm of the powdered herb, divided into three doses.
Possible Side Effects:
Wood Betony's side effects include gastrointestinal irritation.
Drug Interactions:
Taking wood betony with these drugs may increase the risk of hypotension (excessively low blood pressure):
Acebutolol, (Novo-Acebutolol, Sectral)
Amlodipine, (Norvasc)
Atenolol, (Apo-Atenol, Tenormin)
Benazepril, (Lotensin)
Betaxolol, (Betoptic S, Kerlone)
Bisoprolol, (Monocor, Zebeta)
Bumetanide, (Bumex, Burinex)
Candesartan, (Atacand)
Captopril, (Capoten, Novo-Captopril)
Carteolol, (Cartrol, Ocupress)
Carvedilol, (Coreg)
Chlorothiazide, (Diuril)
Chlorthalidone, (Apo-Chlorthalidone, Thalitone)
Clonidine, (Catapres, Duraclon)
Diazoxide, (Hyperstat, Proglycem)
Diltiazem, (Cardizem, Tiazac)
Doxazosin, (Alti-Doxazosin, Cardura)
Enalapril, (Vasotec)
Eplerenone, (Inspra)
Eprosartan, (Teveten)
Esmolol, (Brevibloc)
Felodipine, (Plendil, Renedil)
Fenoldopam, (Corlopam)
Fosinopril, (Monopril)
Furosemide, (Apo-Furosemide, Lasix)
Guanabenz, (Wytensin)
Guanadrel, (Hylorel)
Guanfacine, (Tenex)
Hydralazine, (Apresoline, Novo-Hylazin)
Hydrochlorothiazide, (Apo-Hydro, Microzide)
Hydrochlorothiazide and Triamterene, (Dyazide, Maxzide)
Indapamide, (Lozol, Nu-Indapamide)
Irbesartan, (Avapro)
Isradipine, (DynaCirc)
Labetalol, (Normodyne, Trandate)
Lisinopril, (Prinivil, Zestril)
Losartan, (Cozaar)
Mecamylamine, (Inversine)
Mefruside, (Baycaron)
Methyclothiazide, (Aquatensen, Enduron)
Methyldopa, (Apo-Methyldopa, Nu-Medopa)
Metolazone, (Mykrox, Zaroxolyn)
Metoprolol, (Betaloc, Lopressor)
Minoxidil, (Loniten, Rogaine)
Moexipril, (Univasc)
Nadolol, (Apo-Nadol, Corgard)
Nicardipine, (Cardene)
Nifedipine, (Adalat CC, Procardia)
Nisoldipine, (Sular)
Nitroglycerin, (Minitran, Nitro-Dur)
Nitroprusside, (Nipride, Nitropress)
Olmesartan, (Benicar)
Oxprenolol, (Slow Trasicor, Trasicor)
Perindopril Erbumine, (Aceon, Coversyl)
Phenoxybenzamine, (Dibenzyline)
Phentolamine, (Regitine, Rogitine)
Pindolol, (Apo-Pindol, Novo-Pindol)
Polythiazide, (Renese)
Prazosin, (Minipress, Nu-Prazo)
Propranolol, (Inderol, InnoPran XL)
Quinapril, (Accupril)
Ramipril, (Altace)
Reserpine, (Reserpine)
Spironolactone, (Aldactone, Novo-Spiroton)
Telmisartan, (Micardis)
Terazosin, (Alti-Terazosin, Hytrin)
Timolol, (Betimol, Timoptic)
Torsemide, (Demadex)
Trandolapril, (Mavik)
Triamterene, (Dyrenium)
Trichlormethiazide, (Metatensin, Naqua)
Valsartan, (Diovan)
Verapamil, (Calan, Isoptin SR)
Supplement Interactions:
The tannins in wood betony may cause the alkaloids in certain other herbs to separate and settle increasing the risk of toxic reactions.
Culinary Uses:
Leaves and flower spikes are used to make tea.
Economic Uses:
Dried leaves are included in herbal tobacco and snuff.
Warning:
Excess causes diarrhea and vomiting.
Contraindicated during pregnancy.
Bibliography:
Encyclopedia of Herbs by Deni Brown Copyright © 1995, 2001 Dorling Kindersley Limited Pg 374
The Essential Herb-Drug-Vitamin Interaction Guide by Geo. T. Grossberg,MD and Barry Fox,PhD Copyright©2007 Barry Fox,PhD. Pp. 495-496